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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J. GSETB.

FREEZING 0R REPRIGERATING MAC'HINE.

Patented Apr. '13, 1

INVENTOR T flnv WITNESSES No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2. J. G$ETEL FREEZING 0R REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

No..340,031. r Patented Apr. 13, 1886.

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(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 3. J. OSETE.

V FREEZING 0R REFRIGERAT ING MACHINE. NO. 3 40.031 v Patented Apr. 1-3 886.

WITNESSES n. Pnzns Pholwulhograplwr, Whhinglun, o. c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. OSETE. FREEZING 0R REFRIGERATING MACHINE. No. 340,031. Patented Apr. 13, 1886.

WITNESSES I v v J 1- ZZZ 7 %@m@.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JULIUS OSETE, OF ASTON, NEAR BIRMINGHAM, COUNTY OF \VARWIOK, ENGLAND.

FREEZING OR REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 340,031, dated April 13, 1886.

Application filed Octobe12-i,l885. Serial No.180,8P-3. (No model.) Patented in England March 14, 1885, No. 3,317.

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, J ULIUs Users, of 41 Pugh Road, Aston, near'Birmingham, in the county of XVarwick, England, mechanical engineer, have invented an Improvement in Freezing or Refrigerating Machines, (for which Letters Patent have been applied for in Great Britain, No. 3,317, datedlthe 14th day of March, 1885,) and of which the following is a specification.

My invention has reference to means or apparatus for producing artificial cold in a simpler and more e'ffieient manner than it has heretofore been done, and thereby the production of ice in solid blocks, the process of freezing or refrigerating being effected by evaporation, as hereinafter particularly described.

Figure l is a longitudinal vertical section of a freezing or refrigerating machine constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section of the said machine upon the dotted lines A B, Fig. 1that is, the section is taken across the double pillar and acid-receiver. Fig. 3 is a plan of the freezingchamber, showing how the ice-molds are disposed with respect to each other, so as to admit of rapid freezing by leaving intervening spaces between and around the molds. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the acid-receiver, showing the duplex-pillar end of the said receiver partly in elevation.

The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings.

a is the freezing-chamber, preferably square in horizontal and vertical cross section, as shown at Figs. 1 and 3, wherein the ice-molds I) hang or depend. TheIsaid molds are soldered and carried by the supporting-plate N, which rests upon an indiarnbber seating, If, on the upper part of the freezing-chamber, so as to close communication between the chamber a and the atmosphere. The removable top or lid 0 serves to keep radiation of heat and dust from the surface of fresh water in the molds. The freezing chamber a is surrounded by wood casing or lagging c. The hanging or suspended molds b are separated on all sides by intervening spaces between and around them.

(Z is a partition inelosing or surrounding the freezing-chamber, and the intervening space between the said partition (Z and the outer casing is filled with salt 6. The freezingchamber a has resting at its bottom a strong brine solution, o the surface of which comes within a short distance of the bottom of the suspended molds, but leaving sufficient space for free circulation. The mold-plate Z)" is provided with handles 11*, for convenience of lifting the molds from the freezing-chamber on the cover being removed. The joint I), of india-rubber, which is interposed between the mold-plate b and the freezing-chamber top, is for the purpose of hermetically sealing the junctions of the parts.

f is a pipe or passage leading from the freezing-chamber to the acid-chamber g g.

f" is a valve on the summit of the passage f, to admit air into freezing-chamber for destroying the vacuum after ice has been made. When this air-valve is screwed down to its seat, when the machine is in use, the top chamber of it is covered with clear water.

h h are pillar-passages leading to and from the acid chamber or receiver 9 g, and to and from the freezing or refrigeratingchamber a. The pillar-passage his provided at its upper end with a plug-valve or cook, i, which shuts off communications, or opens and closes the connection between the freezing and acid chambers, so that when the cock is in the position shown at Fig. 1 the air-pump can be in communication with both the freezing and acid chambers, and when turned at right angles to its former position the air-pump can only be in communication with the freezing-chamber. This is for the purpose of extracting from the freezing-chamber all rising moisture contained therein prior to the freezing and acid chambers being allowed to be in communication with each other. This is a most essential element in the arrangement of the machine, as the freezing-chamber is only open when exhaustion is taking place. Vere it not for this preliminary exhaustion, the moisture arising from the brine would be absorbed by the acid, which would consequentl y become greatly diluted and weakened, and its refrigerating effeetlessened.

When the cock i is closed, communication 1 extent of the barrel, and thereby obtaining between the pump and freezing-chamber is effected through the pipe j, and connection between the pump and the acid chamber through thepipej which leads into the pillar-chamber h". The top of the said-pillar h is partitioned or stopped off, the opening and closing of the passages being determined by the two-way or outlet valve j, the pump passage being marked it", while the air-pump barrel is marked k.

Working within the acid-chambers g of combined chambers g g is a spiral vane or acidagitator, Z, mounted upon an axis, Z working in bearings Z 1 in the fixed framing carried by the base-plate m;

g is an aperture or opening'lcading from one acid-chamber to the other. The surface of the sulphuric acid or other chemical equivalent, 71, lies above the said aperture, so that on the vane or endless screw being rotated the acid in the chambers is displaced and fresh acid exposed under the hollow pillar h.

g is the inlet-aperture for introducing acid into the chamber.

is a screw-cap, and g a screw-spindle having a cone end fitting into the seat of the orifice at the outlet The cup-spaces at both top and bottom are filled with glycerinc.

0 is a piston provided with equalizing-valves, which work within the air-pump barrel 7t.

7c is an inlet-valve situated at the bottom of the pump, and k" is are two outlet-valves situated at the top of the pump, and through these ducted to the atmosphere.

p is a pump-wheel with haudlep mounted upon a crank-axis, p", which turns in bearings in the frame q.

1 is a crank-plate, and s is a connecting-rod connected at one end to the crank-plate 0 and at the other end to the cross-head t of pumpguide and piston. The said cross-head works upon guides (f g".

The crank-axis 17 which drives the singleacting air-pump, has a chain-wheel mounted upon it, so as to drive the chain 1), which communicates motion to the chain-wheelon the axis Z for giving to the endless screw or acid agitator a slow rotary motion.

Instead of the airpump being worked, as described, by hand, it may be worked by steam or other power.

The pump-guide cross head if is fitted with .ribbon or volute springs 24 a, to admit of the piston o touching the top or bottom of the airpump barrel. Thelength of the said air-pump barrel is shorter than the stroke of the crankplate; consequently the piston is gent-1y forced to the top or bottom of the pump, and any concussion -relieved by the springs before the turn of the crank-pin at the dead-centers. The yieldingof the springs, thus enabling the turning of the crank-pin over the dead-centers, admits of the piston being pressed to the utmost filling the chamber 9 a little above the outlet 9 and close again the cap g Then fill the top and bottom spaces with oil. Pour strong brine into the freezing-chamber, and place the moldcarrying plate in position, as represented in the vertical section, Fig. 1. Now pour water into the molds b, which water is to be subsequently refrigerated or transformed into ice. The weight of the combined water and molds pressesthe plate b closely upon the top of the framing 0, thereby effecting a sound joint. The cover or lid 0 is then placed in position, when the apparatus is ready for use on the air-valve f being closed. The handle Z of the cock 2' is turned so as'to separate the acid. T

chamber from the freezing-chamber. The handle of the valve j is next turned in a direction that will admit only of apassage through the pipe j, which leads to the acidthe freezing-chamber and air-pump only, so

as to compel the air and moisture to be drawn out of the freezing-chamber a through the passage j to the barrel of the air-pump, and from thence to the atmosphere. The air-pump. being worked until no resistance is felt, the

cock i is now again turned into the position represented in Fig. 1 and the cockj into a position to allow communication between the acid-chamber through the pi pe j. The air now remaining is extracted or drawn out in a direction indicated by the arrows, viz.: first from the freezing-chamber, then up the passage f through the cock 0', down the'hollow pillar h into the acid-chamberg, around the bend of the said chamber, and through the chamber 9, and up the passage h, and through the outlet j to the air-pu mp. The worm or endless screw lis slowly rotated at the same time within the axis of, the casing 9, thereby compelling the acid to be moved forward or ahead, and thereby agitated in the reverse direction in which the air is being withdrawn,as i ndi'cated with arrows with cross-strokes, so as to expose fresh acid under the pillar leading to the freezing-chamber. By the said agitation'a complete circulation of the acid is set up by its passage through the opening 9 and back again to the endless screw. On no resistance whatever being felt and the water in the molds transformed into solid blocks of ice. The drawing of the air and moisture, or compelling it to travel the circuitous course indicated, is thus presented to averylarge acid-surface. The acid-chamber being of a U shape, as shown at Fig. 4, a very long travel is thus obtained and absorption complete. A very low temperature is thereby quickly obtained, and ice made in solid blocks, as all the sides and bottoms of the molds wherein it is transformed are exposed to the freezing-chamber.

To remove the ice thus formed,or the liquid cooled, close the valves 13 and k and open the valve f which admits air to the freezingehamber, which thus allows the mold-plate to be removed, with theice within them withdrawn.

Fig. 5 shows the cross-head t, springs 21. It, and the top of the piston-rod 0 upon a larger scale. The said springs are disposed between the collar 0, washer 0* on the pistonrod 0", and the bottoms of the sockets a", which allows the piston-rod to yield'or give on the piston coming against the top and bottom of the air-pump, in virtue of the piston-stroke being greater than the length of the pumpbarrel, so that when the piston strikes the top cover of the air-pump the upper spring is compressed and the neck 0 of the rod made to slightly slide or move longitudinally in the cross-head, and when the piston strikes the bottom of the pump-barrel thelower spring is likewise compressed by the slightly continued movement of the crosshead.

Two or more refrigeratorchambers may be used in connection with a single pump.

Fig. 6 represents in side elevation, partly in section, a machine arranged with a circular cooling or refrigerating chamber. The chamher a is suspended on two pins, 1; 12, into the receiving-brackets e, and by a slight turning from left to right the freezing-chamber is elevated or brought against the top cover, o Between the top cover, if, and the freezingchamber a is a flexible joint, 12', made of india rubber or othersuitable material by which an air-tight joint is made. The bottom of the freezing-chamber has a stratum of strong brine, 10, indicated by dotted lines. :0 is a refrigerat ing-coil,through which the liquid to be cooled is passed. m is the entrance to the coil, and a the exit, so that any liquid or semiliquid substance to be reduced .in temperature has only to be passed or allowed to flow through the coil,when a low temperature can be thus imparted to the liquid.

The placing of a coil, 1r, within a freezing or refrigerating chamber is particularly app icable to the cooling of milk and the like.

The action of the machine and its auxiliary parts is precisely the same as hcreinbefore described with respect to Fig. 1. The slower the liquid is allowed to pass through the coil, the lower will be its temperature, and by surrounding the freezing-chamber with a lining of salt a few degrees lower temperature is thus obtained.

Fig. 7 is a plan, and Fig. 8 is an end elevation, of the freezing or refrigerating chamber, Fig. 6. Vhen water is to be cooled or frozen (into solid blocks of ice) in pans closed to the atmosphere, the coil w is removed from the freezing-chamber, and I then place within the inside of the said freezing-chamber a (which is circular) square or rectangular molds or pans 3/ y, Fig. 9,with salt at the bottom of the said chamber. The pans are placed diagonally or across each other in tiers, one above another, so as to present or obtain the greatest-possible freezing-surface. of are lugs cast with V notches or recesses on the chamber to receive the corners of the molds, preferably at opposite angles, which allows the greatest possible cooling-surface to act upon and around the molds from top to bottom of the freezing-chamber; or deep molds may be arranged radially, as in Fig. 10, where the molds are filled with water to be cooled or frozen, and placed in the freezing-chamber above the brine. By thus arranging the pans a large cooling or refrigerating surface is thereby obtained.

The thermometer fixed to the top cover in dieates the temperature inside the chamber.

To disconnect the chamber a from the cover a, the atmospheric relief-valve 2, at the sunr mit of the refrigerator, is opened, when an equilibrium pressure is established, so as to allow the covering '0 to be removed for gaining access to the refrigeratingchamber, in order to remove the pans containing cooled liquid or solid blocks of ice.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. In a freezing machine or apparatus, the combination, with the freezing-chamber containing acid, the absorbing-chamber, and a suitable exhaust-pump, of the tubular passages or tubes leading from the freezing and absorbing chambers and communicating with the pump, and the valve located between the said chambers and arranged and adapted to alternately close and open the communication be tween the same, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. v

2. In a freezing apparatus, the combination, with the freezing and absorbing chambers and the exhaust-pump communicating therewith, of devices, substantially as described,whereby communication between the two chambers may be alternately closed and opened, so that after mechanical exhaustion of each separately further and complete evaporation may be effected by the acid in the absorbing-chamber.

' 3. In a freezing apparatus, the twin acid chambers g g, communicating with each other at one end, and at the other end leading to tubular columns h if, which are in communication with the freezing-chamber and with the exhaust-pump, substantially as described.

4. In a freezing apparatus, the combination,

with the acid-chambers g 9, containing ax- 1 elly-mounted agitators, of the cap g cup 9 spindle g, and seat scribed.

5. In a freezing apparatus, the air-pump is, having a piston, 0, and. piston-rod 0 whose stroke is greater than the length of the barrel, said piston-rod being provided at its upper end with collars 0" 0, neck 0 and springs 9 substantially as de- 10 u, the latter lying in sockets w w of the crosshead, substantially as described.

Signed this 25th day of September, 1885.

JULIUS OSETE.

WVitnesses:

. HENRY SKERRETT, MILES E. HUGHES.

Both of-Birmingham. 

